Stroked [2.76 GB]
![Stroked [2.76 GB]](https://i122.fastpic.org/big/2023/1222/f7/78b467103c0d4b880a9ff86adf7e71f7.jpg)
Title: Stroked
Year: 2023
Genre: 720p, Deepthroat, Blowjob, Cumshot, Hardcore
Time: 02:06:03
Cast: Barbie Sins, Clara Ortiz, Helen Xatzi, Kloe, Alex Fire, Anthony Gautier, Sam Bourne, Timo Hardy, Tzanetos
Quality: WEBRip/HD
Format: MP4
Video: 1280x720
Audio: AAC LC 44.1 kHz 192 kb/s
Size: 2.76 GB
Year: 2023
Genre: 720p, Deepthroat, Blowjob, Cumshot, Hardcore
Time: 02:06:03
Cast: Barbie Sins, Clara Ortiz, Helen Xatzi, Kloe, Alex Fire, Anthony Gautier, Sam Bourne, Timo Hardy, Tzanetos
Quality: WEBRip/HD
Format: MP4
Video: 1280x720
Audio: AAC LC 44.1 kHz 192 kb/s
Size: 2.76 GB
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